Case guide

UPDATED FEB 2026

Mesothelioma Treatment Options

Part of the Asbestos / Mesothelioma investigation

The short answer

Mesothelioma treatment has advanced significantly in the past decade. Surgery (EPP or P/D), chemotherapy (pemetrexed/cisplatin), and immunotherapy (nivolumab/ipilimumab) are FDA-approved options.

Clinical trials continue to expand the horizon. Specialized mesothelioma centers offer the best outcomes.

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Surgical Options

Surgery for pleural mesothelioma is reserved for Stage I-III patients with good performance status and no significant comorbidities. Extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) removes the entire lung, pleural lining, pericardium, and diaphragm, and is typically followed by adjuvant radiation (IMRT). Pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) preserves the lung while removing all pleural tumor deposits and is increasingly preferred due to lower surgical mortality and comparable survival. Both procedures require surgeons with specialized mesothelioma training — outside dedicated centers, outcomes are significantly worse. For peritoneal mesothelioma, cytoreductive surgery followed by HIPEC is the standard of care at specialized centers.

Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy

The standard first-line chemotherapy regimen for mesothelioma is pemetrexed (Alimta) plus cisplatin, with a response rate of approximately 40% and median survival improvement of 3-4 months over cisplatin alone. In 2021, the FDA approved nivolumab (Opdivo) plus ipilimumab (Yervoy) as a first-line treatment for unresectable pleural mesothelioma based on the CheckMate 743 trial, which showed a median overall survival of 18.1 months versus 14.1 months for chemotherapy. Immunotherapy responses in mesothelioma are durable in a subset of patients, with some achieving multi-year survival. Clinical trials are evaluating CAR-T cells targeting mesothelin, tumor-treating fields (Optune), and novel checkpoint inhibitor combinations.

Key data

Data & Statistics

2 SOURCED FIGURES

Nivolumab/ipilimumab: 18.1 months median OS vs 14.1 months chemotherapy

CheckMate 743 — New England Journal of Medicine 2021

Pemetrexed/cisplatin response rate: ~40%

Vogelzang et al., Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

12 QUESTIONS

Mesothelioma is a cancer of the mesothelium — the thin membrane lining the lungs (pleura), abdomen (peritoneum), or heart (pericardium). It is distinct from lung cancer, which originates in the lung tissue itself. Mesothelioma is caused almost exclusively by asbestos exposure and does not arise from smoking. Lung cancer, while also caused by asbestos in some cases, is far more commonly caused by tobacco smoking. Both are compensable through asbestos trust funds and litigation, but mesothelioma claims typically produce higher compensation because the disease is more directly and singularly attributable to asbestos.

Dive deeper

Related Guides

19 GUIDES

The full investigation

Part of the Asbestos / Mesothelioma Investigation