Which Drugs Are Included?
The MDL covers all GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs including: Ozempic (semaglutide injection for diabetes), Wegovy (semaglutide 2.4mg for weight loss), Rybelsus (oral semaglutide), Mounjaro (tirzepatide for diabetes), Zepbound (tirzepatide for weight loss), Trulicity (dulaglutide), and other GLP-1 agonists. The legal theories are the same regardless of which specific drug you used.
Novo Nordisk vs Eli Lilly
Novo Nordisk manufactures semaglutide products (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus). Eli Lilly manufactures tirzepatide products (Mounjaro, Zepbound). Both are defendants in MDL 3094. Combined 2024 GLP-1 revenue exceeded $40 billion. Both face identical failure-to-warn allegations.
Off-Label vs Approved Use
Many patients used Ozempic off-label for weight loss before Wegovy was approved. Off-label use does not bar legal claims — the failure-to-warn theory applies regardless of whether the drug was prescribed on-label (diabetes, approved weight loss) or off-label (weight loss using diabetes formulation). The key question is whether the manufacturer adequately warned about the risks.
The Two MDLs
GI injury claims (gastroparesis, bowel obstruction, pancreatitis) are in MDL 3094 (E.D. Pennsylvania). NAION vision-loss claims are in MDL 3163 (consolidated December 2025). If you have both GI and vision injuries, your attorney can file in both proceedings.
Scientific Evidence
Risk of Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in Patients Prescribed Semaglutide
Hathaway JT, Shah MP, Hathaway DB, et al. (2024). JAMA Ophthalmology
Key Findings
- Type 2 diabetes patients: 8.9% NAION risk on semaglutide vs 1.8% on non-semaglutide medications
- Weight-loss patients: 6.7% NAION risk vs 0.8% on alternatives
- Risk was highest in first year of use
- Findings confirmed by Danish/Norwegian cohort study of 424,000+ patients
- EMA required European label update; Novo Nordisk has not updated U.S. labels
Risk of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events Associated With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss
Sodhi M, Rezaeianzadeh R, Kezouh A, Bhatt M (2023). JAMA
Key Findings
- Gastroparesis hazard ratio: 3.67 (95% CI 1.15-11.90)
- Bowel obstruction hazard ratio: 4.22 (95% CI 1.02-17.40)
- Pancreatitis hazard ratio: 9.09 (95% CI 1.25-66.00)
- Study population was non-diabetic weight-loss patients — directly relevant to majority of MDL plaintiffs
- Findings were robust across sensitivity analyses
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Gallbladder Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Multiple authors (systematic review) (2024). Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Key Findings
- 37% increased relative risk of gallbladder disease across 76 RCTs
- Risk was more pronounced with higher doses and greater weight loss
- Rapid weight loss mechanism contributes to gallstone formation
- Risk increased with duration of GLP-1 agonist use
- Findings support inclusion of gallbladder disease in GLP-1 litigation claims
Related Pages
Ozempic Stomach Paralysis Lawsuit
Gastroparesis — stomach paralysis — is the primary injury in the GLP-1 MDL. Over 3,000 lawsuits allege that Ozempic and similar drugs cause a potentially permanent condition that was not adequately disclosed.
Ozempic Gallbladder Problems
GLP-1 drug users face a 37% increased risk of gallbladder disease. Rapid weight loss combined with GLP-1 effects on bile duct motility creates conditions for gallstone formation and cholecystitis.
Ozempic Pancreatitis Lawsuit
The JAMA 2023 study found a 9.09x increased risk of pancreatitis among GLP-1 users for weight loss. Acute pancreatitis can be life-threatening and requires hospitalization.
Ozempic Bowel Obstruction
GLP-1 drugs slow motility throughout the entire GI tract, not just the stomach. Severe slowing can cause ileus or mechanical bowel obstruction — life-threatening emergencies that may require surgery.
Ozempic Vision Loss (NAION)
Studies show semaglutide users face 4-8x higher risk of NAION — sudden, painless, permanent vision loss. The EMA required European warnings in 2024, but U.S. labels still do not include a NAION warning.
Ozempic Settlement Amounts
No GLP-1 trials have concluded yet, but projected settlements based on comparable pharmaceutical mass torts suggest $100,000 to $1.5 million+ depending on injury severity.
Novo Nordisk GLP-1 Lawsuit
Novo Nordisk generated $29.3 billion in semaglutide revenue in 2024 while allegedly failing to warn about severe side effects. The company's aggressive marketing and delayed label updates are central to the litigation.
Ozempic Vision Loss (NAION) Lawsuit
A growing body of evidence links GLP-1 receptor agonist medications — including Ozempic (semaglutide), Wegovy, and Mounjaro (tirzepatide) — to non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a sudden loss of blood flow to the optic nerve that can cause permanent vision loss. A landmark Harvard/Mass Eye and Ear study published in 2024 found GLP-1 users face significantly elevated NAION risk. In December 2025, a second federal MDL was established specifically for NAION vision loss claims, separate from the existing gastroparesis MDL. As of late 2025, nearly 2,947 lawsuits have been filed by patients alleging vision damage. The first bellwether trials are scheduled for early 2026. If you experienced sudden vision loss, blurred vision, or were diagnosed with NAION while taking Ozempic, Wegovy, or Mounjaro, consult an attorney immediately.
Learn moreOzempic / GLP-1 Lawsuits Lawsuit
GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs — including Novo Nordisk's Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus, and Eli Lilly's Mounjaro and Zepbound — have generated over $40 billion in annual sales while allegedly causing severe gastrointestinal injuries that manufacturers failed to adequately disclose. Over 3,100 lawsuits are consolidated in MDL 3094 in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, with a separate NAION vision-loss MDL (3163) established in December 2025.
View full case overview