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How the Discovery Rule Works in PFAS Cases
In toxic exposure cases, the statute of limitations typically begins running when the claimant discovered — or with reasonable diligence should have discovered — both the injury and its connection to PFAS exposure. This is the discovery rule. Because most communities near military bases did not receive formal DoD notification of PFAS contamination until 2016–2020, and because PFAS health effects were not broadly understood by the public until media coverage of the Camp Lejeune and Flint-related contamination crises, courts have been receptive to delayed discovery arguments for PFAS claimants whose diagnoses predate their knowledge of the contamination. Claimants who received a PFAS-linked cancer diagnosis before they knew their water was contaminated have strong delayed discovery arguments. MDL 2873 has also issued tolling orders that paused statutes of limitations for enrolled claimants, providing additional protection for those who joined the MDL before applicable cutoff dates.
State-by-State PFAS Statute of Limitations Summary
Alabama: 2 years from discovery (Ala. Code § 6-2-38). Alaska: 2 years from discovery (AS 09.10.070). Arizona: 2 years from discovery (A.R.S. § 12-542). California: 3 years from discovery for environmental toxic tort (CCP § 338) — most favorable major state. Colorado: 2 years from discovery (C.R.S. § 13-80-102). Florida: 4 years for product liability with discovery rule (Fla. Stat. § 95.11) — one of the most favorable. Georgia: 2 years from discovery (O.C.G.A. § 9-3-33). Illinois: 2 years from discovery (735 ILCS 5/13-202). Michigan: 3 years from discovery (MCL 600.5805) — favorable for Great Lakes PFAS claimants. New Hampshire: 3 years from discovery (RSA 508:4) — applies to Pease ANGB claimants. New Jersey: 2 years from discovery (N.J.S.A. 2A:14-2). New York: 3 years from discovery under CPLR § 214-c for toxic substance exposure — very favorable. North Carolina: 3 years from discovery (N.C.G.S. § 1-52) — applies to GenX/Chemours claimants. Ohio: 2 years from discovery (ORC § 2305.10) — C8 community claims. Pennsylvania: 2 years from discovery (42 Pa. C.S. § 5524). South Carolina: 3 years from discovery (S.C. Code § 15-3-530) — MDL 2873 home district. Texas: 2 years from discovery (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003). Washington: 3 years from discovery (RCW 4.16.080) — applies to JBLM claimants.
Act Now — Every Deadline Is Final
Statutes of limitations are absolute legal deadlines. A claim filed one day late is permanently barred — regardless of how strong the evidence, how serious the injury, or how financially solvent the defendants. If you or a family member developed kidney cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid disease, or ulcerative colitis and you have any reason to believe PFAS-contaminated water may have been involved, contact a PFAS attorney immediately for a free consultation. The consultation is free, takes 15 minutes, and could mean the difference between preserving your rights and losing them forever.
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Related Guides
- AFFF Firefighter PFAS Exposure LawsuitFirefighters — both military and civilian — who worked with AFFF aqueous film-forming foam face the highest documented PFAS body burdens of any occupational group. AFFF contains PFOS and PFOA at concentrations orders of magnitude higher than contaminated drinking water. Firefighters with kidney cancer, testicular cancer, or thyroid disease following AFFF exposure have strong individual claims in MDL 2873.
- PFAS Biosolids Farm Contamination LawsuitPFAS-contaminated biosolids (sewage sludge) spread as agricultural fertilizer have contaminated private wells and farmland across the United States — a largely invisible exposure pathway that is only now reaching litigation. Affected farmers, rural homeowners, and farmworkers in Maine, Iowa, Michigan, and Texas have active claims. This is one of the least-covered and fastest-growing fronts in PFAS litigation.
- GenX Chemicals Chemours Lawsuit — Cape Fear RiverChemours Company — a DuPont spinoff — has discharged GenX chemicals (HFPO-DA) from its Fayetteville Works facility in Bladen County, North Carolina into the Cape Fear River since 2006. Wilmington-area residents who drank Cape Fear River water have been exposed to GenX and other PFAS at concentrations far above EPA health advisory levels. This is among the largest active industrial PFAS contamination zones in the eastern United States, and it is significantly underserved by legal content.
- PFAS Kidney Cancer LawsuitKidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma) is the MDL 2873 Tier 1 bellwether injury — the PFAS-linked condition with the strongest and most consistent epidemiological association. The IARC classified PFOA as a Group 1 known human carcinogen for kidney cancer in 2023. Individuals who developed kidney cancer after sustained PFAS exposure through drinking water have among the strongest claims in PFAS litigation.
- Military Base PFAS Contamination LawsuitMore than 700 U.S. military installations have confirmed PFAS contamination from decades of AFFF firefighting foam use. Veterans, active-duty service members, military families, and civilian base employees who lived or worked on contaminated installations and developed kidney cancer, testicular cancer, or thyroid disease may have substantial legal claims. The DoD has confirmed contamination at bases in all 50 states.
- Military Bases with PFAS Contamination — Complete ListThe Department of Defense has confirmed PFAS contamination at more than 700 U.S. military installations as of 2026. This page provides a state-by-state summary of confirmed contaminated bases and the communities affected. If you lived or served at a contaminated installation and developed a qualifying health condition, contact a PFAS attorney to evaluate your claim.
- PFAS Settlement Amounts Per PersonThe $12.5 billion 3M settlement and $1.185 billion DuPont/Chemours/Corteva settlement compensate water utilities — not individuals. Individual PFAS personal injury settlement amounts depend on injury category, exposure documentation, and MDL 2873 bellwether trial outcomes. Kidney and testicular cancer claims are expected to produce the highest individual recoveries, estimated at $300,000 to $600,000 or more.
- PFAS Testicular Cancer LawsuitTesticular cancer is an MDL 2873 Tier 1 injury category with one of the strongest epidemiological links to PFAS — particularly PFOS exposure. The cancer predominantly affects younger men (age 15–35), meaning veterans and firefighters who developed testicular cancer after PFAS exposure at military installations often carry decades of lost earnings and quality-of-life damages. Claims in MDL 2873 are active and advancing toward bellwether trials in 2026.
- PFAS Thyroid Disease and Thyroid Cancer LawsuitPFAS disrupt thyroid hormone signaling by mimicking and competing with thyroid hormones at receptor and transport protein binding sites. Women are disproportionately affected. Diagnosed thyroid disease requiring medication (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and thyroid cancer are recognized injury categories in MDL 2873. A 2018 Mount Sinai study found significantly elevated thyroid cancer risk with higher serum PFAS concentrations.
- PFAS Ulcerative Colitis LawsuitUlcerative colitis — a chronic inflammatory bowel disease — was one of the six conditions designated by the C8 Science Panel as having a probable link to PFOA exposure in the Mid-Ohio Valley study. This is a non-cancer qualifying condition recognized in MDL 2873 personal injury proceedings. Claimants with PFAS exposure and a confirmed ulcerative colitis diagnosis may have viable claims even without a cancer diagnosis.
- PFAS Drinking Water Contamination LawsuitPFAS-contaminated municipal water systems and private wells have exposed millions of Americans to dangerous concentrations of forever chemicals. Residents who drank contaminated tap water for years and developed kidney cancer, testicular cancer, or thyroid disease have individual claims in MDL 2873. You do not need to have lived near a military base — industrial and agricultural PFAS sources have contaminated water supplies across the country.
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