Case guide

Loot boxes and other game purchases

Random-item purchases differ from buying a known item. Keep the record and ask what it shows before drawing a health or legal conclusion.

See If You Qualify

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Updated Oct 4, 20269 sources

This may apply to you if

  • Ask a clinician about gaming that has caused serious problems in daily life.
  • Have the game names, use dates and harm records ready for an individual claim check.
  • Ask the firm to explain its rules; a health diagnosis alone does not establish a claim against a company.

What the public record says

These are cited sources. Their inclusion does not imply that they endorse People’s Justice or reviewed this page.

World Health Organization · Publisher of clinical classification guidance

Finding: WHO describes gaming disorder as loss of control, games taking over daily life, and continued play despite harm. Its October 22, 2020 guidance says diagnosis also requires serious harm to daily functioning.

WHO questions and answers on gaming disorder (opens in a new tab) · Oct 22, 2020 · Checked Oct 3, 2026

Karen K. Caldwell · United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation · Chair of the Panel listed in this order

Finding: The Panel’s December 10, 2025 order refused to group the gateway-game claims in one federal court. The order concerns case grouping, not a finding that a game caused a child’s harm.

Gateway-game order denying transfer (opens in a new tab) · Dec 10, 2025 · Checked Oct 3, 2026

The evidence and its limits

World Health Organization · 2020

WHO guidance on gaming disorder

Design:
Agency review
Participants:
WHO’s guidance reviews evidence and expert views; it gives no study participant count.
Finding:
WHO’s definition requires loss of control, games taking priority, continued play despite harm, and serious effects on daily life.
Main limitation
This is clinical guidance, not a study that tests one game. It does not prove that a company caused your child’s harm or decide whether a claim qualifies.

Read the source: WHO guidance on gaming disorder (opens in a new tab) · Checked Oct 3, 2026

The short answer

What is a loot box?
The FTC staff report describes a reward with randomly assigned virtual items. It discusses paid and earned versions. This differs from choosing a known item before buying it. [7]
What does the agency report say about harm?
The report sums up workshop views and emerging research. A link with problem gambling does not settle which way the relationship runs. It does not diagnose a player. [7]
Is the Fortnite refund program an addiction payment?
The FTC Fortnite page concerns unwanted purchases. It does not describe payments for gaming disorder. It says its claim period is closed to new requests. [8]
Which spending records should I organize?
Keep receipts and messages about charges you disputed. A civil claim asks the court to address harm. Ask which purchase and legal issue the lawyer would check. [9]

What rules a case out

Not covered by this case

  • This page does not decide a personal claim, diagnosis, filing deadline or payment.

The process

What happens next

  1. 01

    You answer a few questions

    About two minutes. Nothing is sent until you agree on the last step and press submit.

  2. 02

    A lawyer looks at it

    A lawyer at the firm reads your answers and checks them against the current case criteria.

  3. 03

    The firm decides and gets in touch

    If the firm takes your case, you get the terms in writing to read before you sign. You can always say no.

What is a loot box?

The FTC staff report describes a reward with randomly assigned virtual items. It discusses paid and earned versions. This differs from choosing a known item before buying it.

Check what the game offered at the time of the transaction. Save any description or receipt you already hold. Do not assume every currency, pass or cosmetic item uses the same purchase design.

What does the agency report say about harm?

The report sums up workshop views and emerging research. A link with problem gambling does not settle which way the relationship runs. It does not diagnose a player.

Ask whether a statement comes from an original study, a workshop opinion or a legal finding. The sources should identify what was measured. Do not present a statistical link as proof that a purchase caused your child’s condition.

Is the Fortnite refund program an addiction payment?

The FTC Fortnite page concerns unwanted purchases. It does not describe payments for gaming disorder. It says its claim period is closed to new requests.

Keep an existing refund claim separate from a proposed health-injury claim. Ask what the agreement or notice actually covers. A payment in one program does not set the value of another type of claim.

Which spending records should I organize?

Keep receipts and messages about charges you disputed. A civil claim asks the court to address harm. Ask which purchase and legal issue the lawyer would check.

Note who made a purchase, which account was used and which part you are uncertain about. Ask before accessing a child’s private account or a shared device. Do not create a replacement receipt for a missing transaction.

How can I preserve a useful purchase example?

Keep the receipt and reward description you mean. Mark what you know was offered instead of guessing how it worked.

What should I ask before sharing an account history?

Ask which purchases answer the actual claim question. Check who may see account records and what work the terms cover.

Scientific evidence for this case

Video game addiction claims · Frontiers in Psychiatry · 2022Meta-analysis

Neuroimaging Evidence for Dopaminergic Activation During Video Game Play

fMRI scans show striatal dopamine release during gaming comparable in magnitude to that produced by psychostimulant drugs

Video game addiction claims · PLOS ONE · 2020Cross-sectional

Association Between Loot Box Spending and Problem Gambling in Adolescents

Adolescents who spent money on loot boxes were 3.4 times more likely to meet criteria for problem gambling than those who did not

Video game addiction claims · WHO Technical Report Series · 2019Meta-analysis

Gaming Disorder: ICD-11 Criteria, Clinical Considerations, and Prevalence Estimates

Global prevalence of Gaming Disorder among youth gamers estimated at 3–10%, with significant variation by region and screening instrument

Find out where you stand.

The review is free and private. Asking for it doesn’t commit you to anything.

Ask a law firm to review your case

Sources

  1. JPML December 10, 2025 gateway-game transfer denialJPML December 10, 2025 gateway-game transfer denial · court
  2. JPML June 5, 2024 transfer denialJPML June 5, 2024 transfer denial · court
  3. WHO: gaming disorderWHO: gaming disorder
  4. ABA Model Rule 1.5: feesABA Model Rule 1.5: fees
  5. Medical record access: 45 CFR 164.524Medical record access: 45 CFR 164.524 · regulator
  6. SDNY court guide: filing time limitsSDNY court guide: filing time limits · court
  7. FTC loot-box workshop staff perspective, August2020
  8. FTC Fortnite unwanted-purchase refund page
  9. U.S. Courts civil-case guide

Checked against 9 primary sources by People's Justice editors · Updated

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People's Justice research team · Updated Oct 4, 2026